![]() ![]() Is equal to zero at zero kelvin for this pure crystalline substance. Microstates is equal to one, the natural log of one is equal to zero, which means that the entropy So when we think about our equation, if we plug in the number of One possible arrangement for these particles. In their lattice states with no thermal motion. So all of the particles are perfectly ordered Substance at absolute zero, all of the particles are perfectly ordered in their lattice states. Microscopic arrangement of all of the positions and energies of all of the particles. We can think about why theĮntropy is equal to zero by looking at the equationĭeveloped by Boltzmann, that relates entropy, S, to At zero kelvin, the entropy of the pureĬrystalline substance, S, is equal to zero. Is equal to zero kelvin or absolute zero. And that point is reached forĪ pure crystalline substance when the temperature The Roman numerals indicate various ice phases.Measured on an absolute scale, which means there is a ‡ Ice XI triple point is theoretical and has never been obtained Phase diagram Log-lin pressure–temperature phase diagram of water. Table of various forms of ice Properties of various forms of ice Melting point of ice at various pressures ĭata obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed., p. 2390 The sixth column is the density of the vapor. The fifth column is the work PΔ V done by each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The fourth column is the heat of vaporization of each gram of liquid that changes to vapor. The third column is the heat content of each gram of the liquid phase relative to water at 0 ☌. ![]() Pressure of the equilibrium is given in the second column in k Pa. ![]() Where P is equilibrium vapor pressure in k Pa, and T is temperature in kelvins.įor T = 273 K to 333 K: A = 7.2326 B = 1750.286 C = 38.1.įor T = 333 K to 423 K: A = 7.0917 B = 1668.21 C = 45.1.ĭata in the table above is given for water–steam equilibria at various temperatures over the entire temperature range at which liquid water can exist. Vapor pressure formula for steam in equilibrium with liquid water: log 10 P = A − B T − C, The values below 0 ☌ refer to supercooled water.Įlectrical conductivity of highly purified water at saturation pressure Temperature, ☌ Liquid physical properties Temperature dependence of the surface tension of pure water Temperature dependence of the density of ice and water Velocity of sound in water Thermodynamic properties Phase behaviorħ5.97 J/(mol K) and 4.2176 J/(g Structure and properties Structure and propertiesĤ92.215 kJ/mol O–H bond dissociation energy This page provides supplementary data to the article properties of water.įurther comprehensive authoritative data can be found at the NIST Webbook page on thermophysical properties of fluids. ![]()
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